Piedmont, where it is, what it offers, why visit it

PIEDMONT – Introduction

Piedmont—just the name tells you a lot!

Piedmont, at the foot of the mountains. The name dates back to the Middle Ages as *Pedemontis*. At that time, people didn’t recognize distinct regions; they used this term to describe the flat lands lying at the foot of the mountains. The Ligures, a Celtic tribe, inhabited these areas. Over time, the Alps and the Apennines naturally separated Piedmont from Liguria. The Ligurian hinterland now cushions Piedmont from the Ligurian Sea.

Mountains dominate Piedmont’s landscape: 48% of the region is mountainous. Next come the broad plains—led by the Po Valley—and finally a hilly zone that covers about 20% of the territory.

The main areas are:

• The Cottian, Ligurian, Graian, and Lepontine Alps
• The pre-Alpine lake district, dominated by Lake Maggiore in both size and renown
• The flatlands, home to a vast rice-producing district
• The famous hilly areas of the Langhe-Roero and Monferrato, now UNESCO World Heritage sites

With such diverse geography, you can easily plan a varied vacation that suits all ages—even families.

There Was Once a Sea in Piedmont

When you look at the Po Valley in Piedmont, you notice a striking feature. Between the plain and the Alps, the landscape drops off sharply. Unlike in Lombardy and Veneto, where the mountains ease into gentler foothills called the Prealps, the Ligurian Gulf once reached far inland, pushing the shoreline deep into this region. You can still spot traces of that ancient “beach” in the Roero’s rock formations and the abundant fossils found here today. Experts believe that a massive uplift of the seabed and a simultaneous sinking of central Piedmont caused this shift, a geological phenomenon that unfolded over millions of years, approximately fifteen million years ago.

Archaeological Finds in Piedmont

Archaeological discoveries in Piedmont reveal layers of human history. People have lived here since ancient times, and artifacts from the Bronze Age through the Roman era surface across the region.

You can explore many of these finds in regional museums such as the Museo Archeologico Regionale di Torino and the Museo Archeologico di Asti. You’ll also encounter relics out in the open: for example, the Roman aqueduct arches just outside Acqui Terme. This aqueduct stretches roughly 12 km, dates back to the 1st century AD, and continues to inspire awe today.

Piedmont, Italy: The Map Explained

Piedmont borders Switzerland and the Aosta Valley to the north. To the south, you cross the Apennines into Liguria. To the west, the Alps form the boundary with France (from which Piedmont’s dialect borrows its accents). To the east, Piedmont meets Lombardy, a key partner for industry and commerce.

For Piedmontese, the sea is “an idea like any other,” as Paolo Conte sings in his ode to Genoa (English version unavailable). Yet if you live in southern Piedmont, you can reach the beach in just an hour and a half—and enjoy winter skiing or summer refreshment under the Alpine arc!

The region spans approximately 25,300 km² and is home to nearly 4.5 million residents. It ranks as Italy’s second-largest region, after Sicily.

How to Get to Piedmont:

Piedmont has two airports: Turin–Caselle and Cuneo–Levaldigi. These airports handle mainly domestic flights, with a few routes to European capitals. Most international travelers arrive via Milan Malpensa Airport. From Malpensa, you can rent a car and drive on a modern highway network into Piedmont, or take the train to Milan and catch hourly connections to Turin and other provincial capitals.

From the Mountains to the Green Valleys: How Piedmont Is Shaped

As we mentioned, Piedmont sits in the northwest of Italy. Piedmont ranks as Italy’s second-largest region.

Mountains: Monte Rosa (4,634 m); Gran Paradiso (4,061 m).

Rivers: The Po, Italy’s longest river, springs here. Its main tributaries include the Tanaro and the Dora Baltea.

Cities: Turin serves as Piedmont’s capital with about 1.5 million residents, making it Italy’s fourth-largest city. Novara ranks second in the region in terms of population. All other provincial capitals have under 100,000 inhabitants.

Industries: The automotive sector still leads—even if it no longer shines as in its heyday. Confectionery plays a significant role thanks to Ferrero of Alba. Textiles contribute to a lesser extent, and tourism now expands rapidly (it’s a distinct industry in its own right).

For deeper insights, I recommend the Piedmont Region website.

Piedmont Destinations: The Mountains of Piedmont

The Alps cover 48% of Piedmont’s territory, making them a vital economic and tourist resource. While some valleys suffered depopulation, many young people have returned to family homes and mountain huts to start local projects.

Emblematic is the Valle Maira consortium, which has united all stakeholders to create a well-managed area that attracts more visitors each year. And it does all this without even offering alpine skiing! If you’re curious, here’s a secret spot: Elva, Valle Maira.

Then there’s alpine skiing. Around Mondovì, you’ll find the splendid Mondolè area, home to Prato Nevoso, Artesina, and Frabosa, all with excellent connections and accommodation options.

On the international stage, the Sestriere ski area stands out. Thanks to the 2006 Winter Olympic Games and its partnership with Bardonecchia, the area offers over 500 km of slopes and a wide range of hotel experiences.

In summer, mountain vacations grow ever more popular. Families, groups of friends, and couples seek fresh air after months in crowded cities. Piedmont’s offerings range from luxurious retreats to simple getaways and appeal to mountain enthusiasts worldwide, both in summer and winter.

Green and welcoming valleys in Piedmont

I mentioned the Maira Valley by highlighting its location in the mountains. But of course, I must also say it as a valley! As well as the Varaita Valley, the Stura Valley, where large fields of lavender bloom in the summer, and the Grana Valley, all in the western part of Piedmont.

But, of course, it is the Po Valley, and its wonders are worth discovering, at least for its reputation as the longest river in Italy!

In the north of Piedmont, an extraordinary landscape is that of Valle Sesia, which takes us up to Monte Rosa. Another vital valley is the Susa Valley, which brings us to Bardonecchia and Sestriere.

The Valle Grande National Park is an absolute natural wonder that satisfies the needs of nature lovers.

Still, we find the Lanzo valleys in the northern part of Piedmont, which borders France. Critical and strategic vacation area for the province of Turin. Additionally, this valley is carefully managed to prevent the depopulation of small villages.

We don’t have the sea, but the lakes of Piedmont are a pleasant discovery!

I was saying that Piedmont does not have direct access to the sea. But to overcome this “inconvenience,” it has thoughtfully exploited its lakes and made them a popular destination for relaxing vacations.

Unique for its beauty and history is Lake Maggiore, where Stresa, Intra, Pallanza, and the Borromeo family are all part of the account of international tourism that has arrived via nearby Switzerland.

But there are also inimitable and poignant walks around Lake Orta, with the island of San Giulio and the lakes of Avigliana.

Water sports can be practiced in a fairytale setting!

Political map of Piedmont: The provinces

 

Alessandria

Hexagonal plan with bastioned fronts. A trip to The Citadel in Alexandria is not to be missed—a defense bastion built by the Savoy family in the 18th century. The last time I visited, I found it a bit neglected. But still with undisputed charm. It is one of the most important examples of 18th-century Italian military architecture and one of the most significant in Europe. It was built in 1728 during the reign of Victor Amadeus II to protect the city of Alexandria during the War of Spanish Succession. The construction of the Citadel was part of a vast defense program of the Savoy state, which included a system of forts to bar the Alpine approaches to the plains, such as the Bard fort, to control the passes of the Little and Great St. Bernard. After the defeat of Piedmontese troops in Napoleon Bonaparte’s First Italian Campaign (1796), the Citadel and the city of Alexandria came under French rule. In 1867, the prisons of the Citadel housed Giuseppe Garibaldi before the Rattazzi government sent him into exile to Caprera. The architectural complex, which was previously used as a military warehouse, has been open to the public since 1990. If you are visiting the province of Alessandria, be sure not to miss the opportunity to see this excellent work of military architecture, which represents a historical testament to the past.

Acqui, known as the hot town, is well worth a visit. The city is beautiful, elegant, and has its charm. It’s both exciting and relaxing to spend the day at the spa.

Asti

Don’t miss the event of the Douja d’Or, as well as the Palio of Asti. The Festa dei Borghi (Village Festival) is an exciting food and wine event.

Majestic! One trip worth mentioning is to the Don Bosco Shrine Hill. This municipality, renowned worldwide, is known as the “Land of Wines and Saints.” Its history dates back to Roman times, as evidenced by archaeological finds; however, the official establishment of the municipality is dated to 1160 under the rule of the Marquis of Turin. Don’t miss the Basilica of Don Bosco and the Sanctuary of St. John Bosco, the Birthplace, the Museum of 19th-century Peasant Civilization, and the Don Bosco Missionary Ethnological Museum. The historic center of Castelnuovo Don Bosco is also full of beauty, featuring notable landmarks such as the Monument to St. John Bosco, the deconsecrated Church of the Confraternity of St. Bartholomew, and the Parish Church of St. Andrew the Apostle, among others.

 

Biella

An excursion in May for rhododendrons in Burkina Park; mark it on your calendar!

The Sanctuary of Oropa is not to be missed. It is an exciting destination for Christian believers and those who enjoy natural and serene landscapes. Built in the 4th century to spread the Christian faith in a predominantly pagan area, the shrine houses a Gothic statue of the Black Madonna, which has attracted pilgrims for centuries and remains a pilgrimage destination today. The complex currently boasts more than 300 rooms. The complex is divided into several buildings: the New Basilica, the Museum of Treasures, the Royal Apartment, Sacro Monte, the Meteorological Observatory, and the Library. In the surrounding area, twelve chapels are dedicated to the Black Madonna, each related to a significant moment in her life, such as the Chapel of the Annunciation and the Wedding at Cana Chapel. To reach the shrine, one can also walk along paths over several days, with hospitality stops and sites that provide organizational assistance. These years’ pilgrims are a tad easier than past ones!

Cuneo

The province of Cuneo, known as the “Provincia Granda” because of its size, is a diverse territory. In addition to the famous Langhe, which you will find throughout the pages of this site, this province offers alpine landscapes, historic villages, and authentic traditions that deserve a visit of several days.

One of the must-see destinations is Saluzzo, a medieval town that seems to have stood still in time. Cobblestone streets, historic buildings, and the majestic Castiglia offer a journey into the past. Not far away, the charming Marquisate of Saluzzo is a historical and cultural treasure.

Nature lovers cannot miss the Monviso Nature Park, where the famous “King of Stone” Monviso towers are 3,841 meters high. It is one of the most beautiful mountains in the Alps. The Monviso Tour Trail offers a unique hiking experience for enthusiasts.

Continuing into the Maritime Alps, we find the Natural Park, a paradise for mountain lovers. Alpine lakes, such as Lake Valasco, and historic refuges, like the Regina Elena Refuge, are ideal destinations for hiking and immersing oneself in nature. In winter, the ski resorts of Limone Piemonte and Prato Nevoso offer slopes for every level and unforgettable views.

Another little-known gem is the village of Chianale, listed among the “Most Beautiful Villages in Italy.” This village, situated in the upper Varaita Valley, preserves authentic alpine architecture and a timeless atmosphere. Casteldelfino and its scenic trails are worth visiting in the same valley.

A lesser-known but equally fascinating place is Racconigi, home to the magnificent Racconigi Castle, a former Savoy residence and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Set in a large park, the castle is perfect for a day of art and nature. A nature visit to the Stork Center is also enjoyable—a great outing for the whole family.

Finally, history buffs cannot overlook Forte Albertino in Vinadio, an extraordinary 19th-century fortress. In addition to its impressive architecture, it hosts temporary exhibitions and the famous “Sundial Route.”

Cuneo offers a range of experiences from culture to nature, perfect for those seeking an authentic trip full of surprises.

Novara

The province of Novara is a diverse territory, characterized by alternating landscapes of lowlands dominated by rice fields and verdant hills, as well as places of great historical and cultural significance.

The historic center of Novara, the capital, is worth a visit for its understated charm. The Basilica of San Gaudenzio, with its imposing dome designed by Alessandro Antonelli (the architect of the Mole Antonelliana), is a masterpiece of neoclassical architecture. As you walk through the center, you will also find the Broletto, a complex of medieval buildings that now hosts exhibitions and cultural events.

The Ticino Natural Park is a few kilometers from the capital, a protected area offering nature trails ideal for hiking, cycling, and birdwatching. In the exact location, the Bellinzago Novarese Natural Monument, a natural marsh, is a gem for enthusiasts of flora and fauna.

Another must-see is Orta San Giulio, one of Italy’s most beautiful villages. Located on the shores of Lake Orta, the village is a small, romantic gem. The Island of San Giulio, accessible by a short boat ride, is home to a Benedictine abbey and offers a mystical and timeless atmosphere.

For those who love castles, Galliate is an interesting option. The Visconteo-Sforzesco Castle, dating back to the 15th century, is a well-preserved structure that offers a glimpse into history.

Finally, the Novara rice fields are a characteristic feature of the landscape, and a visit in the spring season, when the countryside is flooded, provides a unique sight. The famous Baraggia Biellese rice and Vercellese DOP, a main ingredient in Piedmontese cuisine, is produced in Novara fields.

Novara and its province are a continuous discovery, an area that blends nature, history, and gastronomy in a perfect balance.

Torino

The Church of San Lorenzo, a small treasure trove beside the Royal Palace

Porta Palazzo and its market

Cinema Museum inside the Mole Antonelliana – Dedicated to historian Maria Adriana Prolo, it is one of the most essential cinema museums in the world and the only one of its kind in Italy. The project to build a museum entirely dedicated to cinema in Italy was initiated by historian Maria Adriana Prolo herself in 1941. In 1992, after her death, the museum was established as a foundation in her name. The museum was inaugurated in 2000. It also features a cinema hall dedicated to retrospectives in the Cinema Massimo, located near the Mole. The prestigious Torino Film Festival is also held in this hall. A visit to the Cinema Museum of Turin is a true journey of discovery into the fascinating world of cinema, culminating in a unique experience aboard the transparent crystal panoramic elevator. From here, you will enjoy a spectacular view of Turin.

Museum of the Risorgimento

The Egyptian Museum of Turin was founded in 1824 by Charles Felix, Duke of Savoy, and is now operated by the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities Foundation of Turin. The Egyptian Museum of Turin is one of the world’s most renowned museums of ancient history, famous for its extensive collection of Egyptian artifacts. There are more than 30,000 artifacts. The museum is located in the center of Turin, in Piazza Carlo Felice.

Turin is the capital city of the region. Turin is organized as a metropolitan city. It has an administrative structure that encompasses the City of Turin and the municipalities within its metro area. Turin is home to several institutions and organizations, as well as the Piedmont Region’s buildings and the Piedmont Regional Council. The city also boasts several universities and research centers, including the University of Turin and the Polytechnic University of Turin.

The Winter Olympic Games, held in Turin in 2006, brought worldwide recognition to the city. Turin hosted the Winter Olympics from February 10 to 26, 2006. During the Games, 84 events were held in 15 different sports. The 2006 Turin Olympics were a great success from an organizational and tourism perspective! More than 2,500 athletes arrived from about 80 countries.

Verbania-Cusio-Ossola

Verbano-Cusio-Ossola is one of the most fascinating provinces in Piedmont, thanks to its extraordinary variety of landscapes. From lakes to mountains and enchanting villages, this area offers unforgettable experiences.

The province’s pride is Lake Maggiore, which boasts internationally renowned resorts, including Stresa and the famous Borromean Islands. Among these, Isola Bella and Isola Madre are notable for their impressive botanical gardens and historic mansions. Villa Taranto, located in Pallanza, is another must-see, boasting a park filled with rare plants and spectacular blooms.

Lake Orta and the village of Orta San Giulio are perfect for those seeking quieter places. The town offers picturesque views and a unique peace, while the Island of San Giulio enchants with its intimate atmosphere. The lake shares territory with the province of Novara.

The mountains are another strong point. Val Grande National Park, Italy’s largest wilderness area, is an ideal destination for those who love hiking and exploring wild landscapes. You’ll find trails leading to secluded valleys, pristine forests, and wilderness lodges here.

A lesser-known but extraordinary place is Macugnaga, at the foot of Monte Rosa. This alpine village preserves Walser traditions and offers breathtaking views. A visit to the Guia Gold Mine and Walser Museum is an experience that combines nature and culture.

Finally, don’t forget the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Sacro Monte of Ghiffa, with its panoramic view of Lake Maggiore, is a spiritual and cultural destination not to be missed.

 

Vercelli

Vercelli is at the heart of Italian rice production and boasts a thousand-year history reflected in its monuments and villages.

The capital, Vercelli, is famous for the Basilica of St. Andrew, a masterpiece of Gothic-Romanesque architecture. The city also offers fascinating museums, such as the Leone Museum, which houses archaeological finds and works of art, and the Museo del Tesoro del Duomo, a collection of sacred art.

Among the lesser-known attractions is the Lame del Sesia Nature Park, a protected area for nature lovers. Here, you can take walks along the Sesia River to observe waterfowl and rural landscapes.

Not far from Vercelli, the village of Trino is home to Lucedio Abbey, an ancient Cistercian monastery nestled among rice fields. Legend has it that it is one of the most mysterious places in Piedmont, with stories related to hidden treasures and ancient traditions.

For archaeology enthusiasts, the Sacro Monte of Varallo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offers both religious and artistic significance, featuring a series of chapels that depict biblical scenes.

Finally, the rice fields surrounding the province are a must-see. This is where the famous Carnaroli rice, the basis for dishes such as risotto alla Vanessa, is produced. A visit in spring, during the “Marcia,” gives evocative landscapes where the water reflects the sky, creating a unique view.

Vercelli is a province that combines culture, nature, and authentic flavors to offer a genuine and engaging experience.